नेपालको संविधान, २०७२ काे परिचय र प्रमुख विशेषताहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।

नेपालको संविधान, २०७२ काे परिचय र  प्रमुख विशेषताहरु उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् । -१०

–संविधानसभा मार्फत संविधान बनाउने नेपाली जनता को विगत साढे ६  दशकदेखीको चाहान बमोजीम नेपालको संवैधानिक ईतिहासमा पहिलो पटक संविधानसभाले संविधान निर्माण गरी विस २०७२ साल असोज ३ गते जारी गरी लागु गरिएको नेपालको संविधान २०७२ आफै एक एतिहाँसिक दस्तावेज हो । संविधान सभा (कुल सदस्य ६०१) मा तत्काल बहालमा रहेका ५९८ सभासद मध्ये संविधानको पक्षमा ५०७ मत र विपक्षमा २५ मत (बहिस्कार ५७) भई ८५ प्रतिशत सभासद बाट पारीत यस संविधानले नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य गरी संघिय लोकतान्त्रीक गणतन्त्रलाई संस्थागत ग¥यो, राष्ट्रपति, उपराष्ट्रपतिको व्यवस्थालाई झन व्यवस्थित ग¥यो । नेपाललाई ७ प्रदेशमो संघिय राज्यमा रुपान्तर गरी समाबेसी राज्य निर्माण ग¥यो, धर्म निरपेक्ष राज्य घोषण ग¥यो । यस भन्दा अगाडिका कुनै पनि संविधान यसरी निमार्ण भएका थिएनन् र यस्ता व्यवस्था पनि गरिएका थिएनन् । वर्तमान संविधानको यो पक्ष महत्वपुर्ण विषेशता हो । ३५ भाग ३०८ धारा र ९ अनुसुचीको यस वृहत संविधानको अरु प्रमुख विषेशता निम्न रहेका छन् । 

विशेषताहरू

१.संघियतामा प्रष्टता, सात प्रदेशको खाका, यसलाई थपघट एवम् परिमार्जित गर्न सकिने, प्रदेशको नामाकरण प्रदेशसभाको दुईतिहाईले गर्ने, प्रदेशको सिमाङ्कन आयोग मार्फत हुने  ।

२. शासन प्रणालीको हकमा संवैधानिक राष्ट्रपति र कार्यकारी प्रधानमन्त्रि रहने संसदीय प्रणाली, राष्ट्रपतिको चुनाब केन्द्रिय प्रदेश र प्रदेशसभाका सदस्यहरुले गर्ने, प्रधानमन्त्रि संसदमा चुनिने । 

३. सरकारलाई कम्तीमा दुईवर्ष सम्म स्थिरता, सुरुका दुईवर्षसम्म प्रधानमन्त्रि विरुद्ध आश्वाशन प्रस्ताव ल्याउन नपाईने, प्रधानमन्त्रिले संसद विघटन गर्न नपाउने व्यवस्था,

४. राष्ट्रपति र उपराष्ट्रपती, सभमुख र उपसभामुख, राष्ट्रियसभाका अध्यक्ष र उपाध्यक्ष, प्रदेश सभाका सभामुख र उपसभामुख फरक–फरक लिङ्ग वा समुदायको हुनुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरी लैङ्गिक एवम् जातिय समानता कायम गरिको, 

५. दुई तिहाई बहुमत वा संशोधन एवम् परिमार्जन गर्ग सकिने लचिलो संविधान,

६. संसदमा समावेसी प्रतिनिधीत्व, मिश्रीत निर्वाचन प्रणाली, प्रतिनिधीसभा र राष्ट्रिय सभासहित केन्द्रमा दुई सदनात्मक संघिय संसद्, प्रतिनिधीसभा प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित १६५ र समानुपातिक ११० सहित २७५ सदस्य,

७. संघ, प्रदेश र स्थाथिय गरी तीनको तह राज्य संरचना, केन्द्रमा प्रधानमन्त्रिसहित बढिमा २५ सदस्सिय मन्त्रि परिषद प्रदेशमा प्रदेश संसदको कुल संसदको २० प्रतिशत बाट नबढनेगरी मन्त्रिपरिषद, प्रदेशमा एक सदानात्मक संसद्, सात प्रदेशमा कुल ५५० संसद, प्रदेश संसदमा ६० प्रतिशत प्रत्यक्ष र ४० प्रतिशत समानुपातीक निर्वाचन प्रणालीबाट निर्वाचित मुख्यमन्त्रि र राष्ट्रपति बाट नियुक्त प्रदेश प्रमुख हुने, स्थानिय तहमा गाँउपालिका, नगरपालीका र जिल्ला सभा रहने, 

८. संविधान केन्द्र, प्रदेश र स्थानिय सरकारको अधिकार क्षेत्र विभाजन,

९. एकीकृत न्यायपालिका, सर्वाेच्च अदालत, उच्च अदालत, र जिल्ला अदालतको व्यवस्था, केन्द्रमा सर्वाेच्च अदालत, प्रदेशमा उच्च अदालत र जिल्लामा जिल्ला अदालत, सर्वाेच्च अदालतमा संवैधानिक ईजलास रहने,

१०. कुनै पनि नेपाली नागरिकलाई नागरिक्ता प्राप्त गर्ने हकबाट बन्चित नगरीने, आमा वा वुवा दुबैको नामबाट बंशजको नागरिक्ता,

११. संविधानमा मदेशी, मुस्लिम, थारु, आदीवासी, जनजाती, दलित, महिलाका लागी छुट्टाछुट्टै संवैधानि आयोग गठन्, 

१२. चार वर्षका लागी निर्वाचित संविधानसभाका सदस्यहरु बाँकि कार्यकालका लागी रुपान्तरित व्यवस्थापिका संसदको सदस्यका रुपमा रहने,

१३. संविधान जारी भएपछिको व्यवस्थापिका संसदको अधिवेसन प्रारम्भ भएको मितीले सातदिनमा प्रधानमन्त्री, २० दिनमा सभामुख र एक महिनामा राष्ट्रपतिको निर्वाचन गर्ने संक्रमणकालिन व्यवस्था, 

१४. नेपालको अन्तरिम संविधान २०६३ खारेज । 

प्रस्तुत कर्ता ः Shankar Aryal

पुरै पढ्नुहोस्.....

चुरे पर्वतवारे सँक्षेपमा लेख्नुहोस् ।

• चुरे पर्वतवारे सँक्षेपमा लेख्नुहोस् । ५ 

उत्तरM नेपालको सवैभन्दा दक्षिणी भागमा अवस्थित पुर्व देखि पश्चिम सम्म फैलिएको ६१० मिटर देखि १८७२ मिटरसम्मको उचाई भएको पर्वत मालालाई चुरे पर्वतमाला भनिन्छ । यसलाई भारतमा शिवालिक पर्वतमाला र वर्मामा ईरावादी पर्वत माला भनिन्छ । चुरे पर्वत वालुवा , कङ्कड , पत्थर , अभ्रख आदि मिश्रीत भई बनको छ । पुर्वमा होचो तर पश्चिम तफै क्रमशM अग्लिदै चुरे पर्वतको सवैभन्दा अग्लो भाग ९४६२ फिट उचाई ( गार्वा ) कैलाली जिल्लामा पर्दछ । चुरे पर्वत पुर्वमा ५ माईल , मध्य तराईमा १० माईल , दाङ देउखुरी उपत्यकामा १२ माईल र सुदुरपश्चिममा ५ माईल फराकिलो भएको छ । 

पुरै पढ्नुहोस्.....

Computer Operator & Asst Computer Operator MCQ Set-1

This MCQ set is prepared by Shnakar Aryal Who has passed Computer operator Examinations in Nepal.  

1. Which option is found in formatting toolbar?

a. Outside Border

b. Insert Table

c. Document Map

d. Show/Hide button

2. Which not valid on table>auto fit options

a. Auto fit content

b. Fixed column width

c. Auto fit to window

d. hide gridlines

3. How many recent opened file listed in the file menu.

a. 9

b. 12

c. 4

d. 6

4. We can convert the text from the table menu.

a. Table to Text

b. Text to Table

c. Both are valid

d. None of the above

5. What is shortcut key for Microsoft script editor?

a. Alt+shift+F11

b. Shift+Ctrl+F11

c. Alt+Ctrl+F11

d. Alt+F11

6. How many options available to make check mark on the auto correct tab in tools menu?

a. 8

b. 9

c. 7

d. 10

7. Auto Summarize options available in ……………… menu.

a. Insert

b. Table

c. Tools

d. edit

8. How many types of change case?

a. 4

b. 5

c. 6

d. 7

9. We can add the field form………………. Menu.

a. File

b. Edit

c. Table>Column

d. Insert

10. Which is not valid to Format>Font tab>Complex Script

a. Font

b. font Style

c. underline style

d. size

11. How many types of object tab in insert menu?

a. 2

b. 3

4. 4

5. None

12. Which is not available on zoom dialog box?

a. Many Page

b. Whole Page

c. Current Page

d. Text width

13. How may tabs are there in find and replace option in edit menu?

a. Two

b. Three

c. Four

d. five

14. Which is not available in permission sub option in file menu?

a. Unregistered Access

b. Do not distribute

c. Restrict Permission As

d. Versions

15. Arrange all option located in …..

a. Tools Menu

b. Window Menu

c. Format Menu >Arrange all

d. Insert Menu >Arrange all

16. How many rows we can insert form table menu as maximum?

a. 65536

b. 32000

c. 32767

d. Unlimited

17. What is shortcut key for insert sheet in excel?

a. Alt+F11

b. Shift+F11

c. Ctrl+F11

d. Shift+10

18. Which toolbar has a help logo in excel?

a. Standard Toolbar

b. Formatting Toolbar

c. Drawing Toolbar

d. Help not found in toolbar

19. What is default font name & font size in excel 2003 ?

a. Calibri 10

b. Calibri 12

c. Arial black 12

d. Arial 10

20. What is shortcut key for insert time in excel?

a. Ctrl+:

b. Ctrl+Shift+:

c. Shift+Ctrl+;

d. Alt+Ctrl+;

21. How many default spreadsheet solution located in file>On my computer>Spreadsheet Solution tabs 2003?

a. 3

b.4

c.5

d.9

22. How to select all the rows and columns on one sheet at once?

a. Press Ctrl+Spacebar key and then quick press Shift+Spacebar Holding Ctrl key

b. Press Shift+Spacebar key and then quick press Ctrl+Spacebar Holding Shift key

c. Press Ctrl+A

d. All are Valid

23. What is found the quick access menu bar as default in excel 2007?

a. Save, Undo, Redo

b. Undo, Save As, Redo

c. Save As, Open, Undo

d. None of the above

24. How many check boxes available in format cell dialog box on protection tab?

a. Hide/Show

b. Procect/Permission

c. Locked/Hidden

d. Hidden/Protect

25. How to Change the Microsoft excel menu key?

a. Tools>Options>Transition>Setting

b. Tools>Options>Transition>Navigation key

c. Tools>Options>General>Change excel menu key

d. Tools>Options>Security>Setting

26. What is  extension file of excel file

a. .xls

b. xlsx

c. xlt

d. a and b

27. What is shortcut key for research in excel?

a. Ctrl+Click

b. Shift+Click

c. Ctrl+Shift+Click

d. Alt+Click

28. Validation options is located in …..Menu?

a. Tools

b. Data

c. Insert

d. Window

29. From which menu we can make a lookup wizard and how many steps there in lookup wizard?

a. Data menu 4 Steps

b. Data Menu 5 Steps

c. Tool Menu 4 Steps

d. Tool Menu 5 Steps

30. Contact Us options is located in excel 2003?

a. Tools Menu

b. Data Menu

c. Window Menu

d. None

31. When was the Charles Babbage born? And where?

a. December 26, 1791, London, United Kingdom

b. December 26, 1791, California USA

c. December 26, 1791, Canada

d. December 26, 1771, London, United Kingdom

32. A function that does not return any data is called as _______ function

a. int

b. float

c. void

d. recursive

33. When a key is pressed on keyboard, which standard is used for converting the keystroke into the corresponding bits

a.ANSI

b. ASCII

c. EBCDIC

d. ISO

34. Which characteristics of computer distinguishes it from electronic calculation?

a. Accuracy

b. Storage

c. Versatility

d. Automatic

35. Keyboard Converts typed in character to ___________code

a. EBCIDIC

c. ASCII

c. Decimal

d. Binary

36. The list of coded instructions is called

a. Computer Program

b. Algorithm

c. Flowchart

d. Utility Program

37. Which of the following is valid storage type?

a. CPU

b. Keyboard

c.  Pen Drive

d.  Track Ball

38. __________ Interprets and executes set of instruction

a. CPU

b. VDU

c. Printer

d. Scanner

39. When was first computer lunched in Nepal AD?

a. 1971

b. 1981

c. 1973

d. 1972

40. Cassette Tape is …

a. Direct Access

b. Sequential Access

c. Both can be access

d. None

41. Full Form of DVD

a. Data Video Device

b. Digital Video Disk

c. Digital Versatile Display

d. Digital Versatile Disk

42. There are ………….. types of DOS Command.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

43. Mac Address is ……….. Bytes long.

a. 12 Nibble

b. 32 Bits

c. 48 Bytes

c. 16 Bytes

44. First ISP of Nepal  ?

a. Mercantile

b. Word Link

c. Nepal Telecome

d. None

45. What is application file name of MS Access?

a. access

b. microsoftaccess

c. msaccess

d. all

46. Which toolbars has a relationship command?

a. Review Toolbars

b. Database Toolbars

c. Standard Toolbars

c. Table and Query Toolbars

47. There are …………… menus found in access 2003.

a. 6

b. 7

c. 8

d. 9

48. How many default slides in Power point starting.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

49. What is shortcut key for Task pane in Microsoft power point?

a. Ctrl+F2

b. Ctrl+F3

c. Ctrl+F1

d. Ctrl+F4

50. Online Collaboration is located in which menu?

a. Insert

b. Window

c. Help

d. Tools

Answers:

1-a	2-d	3-c	4-c	5-a	6-a	7-c	8-b	9-d	10-c
11-a	12-c	13-b	14-d	15-b	16-c	17-b	18-a	19-d	20-c
21-c	22-d	23-a	24-c	25-a	26-d	27-d	28-b	29-c	30-d
31-a	32-b	33-b	34-b	35-c	36-a	37-c	38-a	39-a	40-b
41-d	42-a	43-a	44-a	45-c	46-b	47-b	48-a	49-c	50-d

पुरै पढ्नुहोस्.....

कम्प्युटर अपरेटर तथा सहायक कम्प्युटर अपरेटर पदकाे लागी २० अाेटा सम्भावित प्रश्न तथा उत्तरहरू

कम्प्युटर अपरेटर तथा सहायक कम्प्युटर अपरेटर पदकाे लागी २० अाेटा सम्भावित प्रश्न तथा उत्तरहरू 

1. Which of the following devices can be sued to directly image printed text?

a. OCR

b. OMR

c. MICR

d. All of above

---

2. The output quality of a printer is measured by

a. Dot per inch

b. Dot per sq. inch

c. Dots printed per unit time

d. All of above

---

3. In analog computer

a. Input is first converted to digital form

b. Input is never converted to digital form

c. Output is displayed in digital form

d. All of above

---

4. In latest generation computers, the instructions are executed

a. Parallel only

b. Sequentially only

c. Both sequentially and parallel

d. All of above

---

5. Who designed the first electronics computer – ENIAC?

a. Von-Neumann

b. Joseph M. Jacquard

c. J. Presper Eckert and John W Mauchly

d. All of above

6. Who invented the high level language c?

a. Dennis M. Ritchie

b. Niklaus Writh

c. Seymour Papert

d. Donald Kunth

---

7. Personnel who design, program, operate and maintain computer equipment refers to

a. Console-operator

b. Programmer

c. Peopleware

d. System Analyst

---

8. When did arch rivals IBM and Apple Computers Inc. decide to join hands?

a. 1978

b. 1984

c. 1990

d. 1991

---

9. Human beings are referred to as Homosapinens, which device is called Sillico Sapiens?

a. Monitor

b. Hardware

c. Robot

d. Computer

10. An error in software or hardware is called a bug. What is the alternative computer jargon for it?

a. Leech

b. Squid

c. Slug

d. Glitch

---

11. Modern Computer are very reliable but they are not

a. Fast

b. Powerful

c. Infallible

d. Cheap

---

12. What is the name of the display feature that highlights are of the screen which requires operator attention?

a. Pixel

b. Reverse video

c. Touch screen

d. Cursor

---

13. IMB launched its first personal computer called IBM-PC in 1981. It had chips from Intel, disk drives from Tandon, operating system from Microsoft, the printer from Epson and the application software from everywhere. Can you name the country which contributed the video display?

a. India

b. China

c. Germany

d. Taiwan

---

14. Personal computers use a number of chips mounted on a main circuit board. What is the common name for such boards?

a. Daughter board

b. Motherboard

c. Father board

d. Breadboard

15. In most IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drives, memory expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of this board?

a. Motherboard

b. Breadboard

c. Daughter board

d. Grandmother board

---

16. What is meant by a dedicated computer?

a. Which is used by one person only

b. Which is assigned one and only one task

c. Which uses one kind of software

d. Which is meant for application software

---

17. The system unit of a personal computer typically contains all of the following except:

a. Microprocessor

b. Disk controller

c. Serial interface

d. Modem

---

18. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language is called a/an

a. Interpreter

b. Simulator

c. Compiler

d. Commander

---

19. A computer program that translates one program instructions at a time into machine language is called a/an

a. Interpreter

b. CPU

c. Compiler

d. Simulator

---

20. A small or intelligent device is so called because it contains within it a

a. Computer

b. Microcomputer

c. Programmable

d. Sensor

---

---

Answers:

1. Which of the following devices can be sued to directly image printed text?

a. OCR

Explanation: Though, these days, we can find scanners that can do all of these tasks, OCR,  OMR and MICR are the different kinds of scanners based on their special capabilities. OCR are good at recognizing characters in scanned images, OMR are good to find marks made in specific location and MICR can precisely verify the signatures in scanned image by comparing it with the pre-stored samples. So, looking at the options, OCR better suits as correct answer. 

---

2. The output quality of a printer is measured by

b. Dot per sq. inch

Explanation: Dot per inch is the linear measurement - how many dots are used to print one inch of straight line. Dot per square inch is two dimensional measurement that takes care of printer's capability to print horizontal as well as vertical lines. Dots printed per unit time has nothing to do with the quality, it better relates to the speed of printing. Because third option is not valid, the all of above option too is not correct anymore. Now in between these two options, most of the books andwebsites offer 'dots per square inch' as the measurement of output quality. Because earlier printers had different  number of dots used to print horizontally and vertically, we had to take note of dots per square inch. Modern printers  have almost same resolution for vertical lines as well as horizontal lines. So dots per square inch is somewhat obsolete.  Now dots per inch (dpi) is enough to express printer quality. However, to be safe when both these two options are avialable, I choose 'dots per square inch' as correct answer (because the person who set question may take reference from those popular books or websites)

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3. In analog computer

b. Input is never converted to digital form

Explanation: Analog computers can accept real physical values such as speed, pressure, temperature etc as input and process them. They do not need to convert the input into digital form. It is only hybrid computers that accept input in analog and convert them into digital form to process. So first option is cancelled out. Input is never converted to digital form is pretty okay for analog computers.  Output is displayed in digital form is quite unrelated to the question. Because the first option is already invalid, all of above option is no more suitable. So, Option B appears to be best suitable.

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4. In latest generation computers, the instructions are executed

c. Both sequentially and parallel

Explanation: In older computers, because the memory and storage devices were sequential, computers were compelled to use sequential only. But later on the newer methods in operating systems and direct access devices for memory and storage made it possible to process multiple instructions parallel. However, there are some data that are sequentially by nature such as audio, video etc which require sequential processing. So, in my opinion, option C, both sequentially and parallel is correct option.

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5. Who designed the first electronics computer – ENIAC?

c.  J. Presper Eckert and John W Mauchly

Explanation: John von Neumann introduced the Stored Program Concept which was fully used EDSAC. Joseph Marry Jacquard invented punched cards to automated his weaving loom. Joseph Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly had designed ENIAC which is considered as the first general purpose electronic computer. So, option C. is correct answer.

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6. Who invented the high level language c?

a. Dennis M. Ritchie

Explanation: Dennis M. Ritche invented the programming language called C. It is also important to remember that the C++ programming languages, an extension of C, that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories. Niklaus Writh is wellknown for his programming language Pascal and Modula. Seymour Papert is one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, as well as an inventor of the Logo programming language. Donald Knuth is the father of analysis of algorithms. So, the option A is correct answer for this question.

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7. Personnel who design, program, operate and maintain computer equipment refers to

c. Peopleware

Explanation: Personnel who design software systems are system analysts, who programs are programmer, who operates are console-operators, who maintains are support personnel  A term that collectively refer to these people is peopleware. Peopleware are the human involved in computer systems. So, option C is the correct answer.

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8. When did arch rivals IBM and Apple Computers Inc. decide to join hands?

d. 1991

Explanation: The AIM alliance (Apple, IBM & Motorola) was an alliance formed on October 2, 1991, between Apple Inc. (then Apple Computer), IBM, and Motorola to create a new computing standard based on the PowerPC architecture. The stated goal of the alliance was to challenge the dominant Wintel computing platform with a new computer design and a next-generation operating system. It was thought that the CISC processors from Intel were an evolutionary dead-end in microprocessor design, and that since RISC was the future, the next few years were a period of great opportunity. So, I believe it was in 1991!

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9. Human beings are referred to as Homosapinens, which device is called Sillico Sapiens?

d. Computer

Explanation: Obviously Computers! Because the role of silica in computers - they are used to create microprocessors, ROM chips, RAM chips which made possible of today's computers, they are often called sillico sapiens!

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10. An error in software or hardware is called a bug. What is the alternative computer jargon for it?

d. Glitch

Explanation: Glitch is another term to mean the error or problem in hardware or software. Leech, Squid and Slug has nothing to do in this context.

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11. Modern Computer are very reliable but they are not

c. Infallible

Explanation: Throughout the development of computers they improved. They became faster, more powerful and cheaper. Modern computers are really cheaper in spite of their improved speed and power. However, they are not infallible. They are extremely reliable.

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12. What is the name of the display feature that highlights area of the screen which requires operator attention?

b. Reverse video

Explanation: Reverse video (or invert video or inverse video or 'reverse screen') is a computer display technique where the background and text color are inverted to highlight. So, reverse video is correct answer.

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13. IMB launched its first personal computer called IBM-PC in 1981. It had chips from Intel, disk drives from Tandon, operating system from Microsoft, the printer from Epson and the application software from everywhere. Can you name the country which contributed the video display?

d. Taiwan

Explanation: Please provide reference if you know any

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14. Personal computers use a number of chips mounted on a main circuit board. What is the common name for such boards?

b. Motherboard

Explanation: Daughterboard are the expansion cards inserted in expansion slots in motherboard. Modems, sound cards, display adapters etc are some examples of daughterboards. There is no boards known as fatherboards and breadboards. Motherboard is the main circuit board on which a number of chips are mounted. So, Motherboard is correct answer.

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15. In most IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drives, memory expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of this board?

a. Motherboard

Explanation: Similar to explanation for Q. No. 14.

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16. What is meant by a dedicated computer?

b. Which is assigned one and only one task

Explanation: A computer used by one person only is personal computer. A computer assigned for only one task is dedicated computer. For example, dedicated web server, dedicated print server etc. A computer that uses only one kind of software is embedded device (computer). All computers are meant for application software. So, in my opinion, option B is correct answer.

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17. The system unit of a personal computer typically contains all of the following except:

d. Modem

Explanation: System unit refers to the CPU box. It contains a motherboard and CPU, disk controllers, different kind of interfaces are mounted in it. From among the given options, modem comes as separate device (whether internal or external modem). So, system unit do not contain modem.

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18. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language is called a/an

c. Compiler

Explanation: Interpreter translates each statement of high level program into machine code in turn and executes. Simulator creates real world situation so that the different experiments are possible. Computer games uses simulation extensively. Compiler translates high level program into machine codes all at once and creates an executable file. I don't think commander is related to the question in any respect. Thus, option C is correct answer.

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19. A computer program that translates one program instructions at a time into machine language is called a/an

a. Interpreter

Explanation: The language processor that translate each instruction of high level program into machine instructions is Interpreter. Other explanation is similar to Q. 18.

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20. A small or intelligent device is so called because it contains within it a

d. Sensor

Explanation: Computers are not called intelligent machines. They are the slaves in a box. Microcomputers are not called intelligent. Programmable devices are not intelligent. If they were intelligent, computers too are programmable devices. Any device that contains sensor can input data and according to the change in situation, so these devices are called intelligent. Thus, option d is correct answer.

पुरै पढ्नुहोस्.....

घाटु नाचबारे लेख्नुहोस् ।

१.गण्डकी अञ्चलका विभिन्न भागमा वसोवास गर्ने गुरुङ, मगर , दुरा समुदायमा प्रचलित घाटु नाच बसन्त पञ्चमीका दिन सुरु भई बैसाख पुर्णिमाका दिन समाप्त हुन्छ ।
२.बसन्त पञ्चमीका दिन तीन चार जना कन्याहरुलाई नुवाईधुवाई गरी तिनलाई बोकेर शुद्ध घरमा लगेर राखिन्छ । पछि तिनमा भाकल गराई गुरु तथा गायन टोली समक्ष राखेर देवीदेवताहरुमा लिन गराईन्छ ।
३.घाटु जगाई देवि देवताको अंश चढेकी केटीलाई घाटुली भनिन्छ ।
४.घाटुलिले नाच्दा छिटको गुन्यु, चोली , घलेक , पटुका , लगाउने तथा शिरमा रंगीविरंगीहरु पाताहरु
सजाउँछन् । 
५.यस नाचमा मादल तथा हातकोे ताली बजाईन्छ । प्रौढ स्त्री तथा पुरुष गित गायनमा सरिक हुन्छन् । 

पुरै पढ्नुहोस्.....